Lykkers, prepare for a journey into one of the largest clay deserts on Earth. Betpak-Dala stretches across the Kazakh plains for approximately 170 kilometers from north to south and nearly 500 kilometers east to west.

Covering around 75,000 square kilometers—more than twice the size of Belgium—this expansive natural region offers a unique and largely untouched landscape.

The following guide provides essential information on what to expect, how to get there, and what to see and do in Betpak-Dala.

Geography and Landscape

The Size and Location

Betpak-Dala is situated between Lake Balkhash and the Sarysu and Chu rivers, spanning three regions: Karaganda, Southern Kazakhstan, and Zhambyl.

The desert's vastness is matched by its isolation, with nearby settlements such as Kyzyemshek, Zhuantobe, Akbakai, and Priozersk offering the closest access points.

Terrain and Features

The desert features a diverse landscape that includes rocky outcrops, low hills, and small depressions. In the western areas, deposits of sandstone, pebbles, and unique clay formations known as takyr (hardened clay polygons) dominate.

Scattered shallow salty lakes add to the variety, while freshwater is found only deep underground—between 2 and 30 meters below the surface. The name Betpak-Dala means "marshy plain" in Turkic languages, a historical term that contrasts with the desert's current arid nature.

Flora and Fauna

Plant Life

Vegetation is sparse but distinctive. Black and gray sagebrush cover the elevated zones, while salt-tolerant semi-shrubs like biyurgun thrive in saline patches.

Sand dunes host shrubs such as Krascheninnikovia and caragana, and in rocky eastern sections, plants like salicornia grow. During spring, colorful ferula and wild tulips brighten the landscape.

Wildlife

Animal life is limited yet interesting. Plains near hills support bird species including partridges, pheasants, and bustards. Mammals like gazelles and saiga antelopes inhabit the area, though the saiga population has declined due to environmental pressures and illegal poaching.

Among smaller creatures, the Selevenia, an endemic rodent named after zoologist Viktor Selevin, lives in local shrubbery, offering a glimpse into the desert's unique biodiversity.

Climate

Temperature Range

Betpak-Dala experiences a continental climate characterized by hot summers and very cold winters. Average July temperatures reach between 24 and 26 degrees Celsius, while January averages range from minus 12 to minus 14 degrees Celsius.

Precipitation and Snow

Annual rainfall is low, approximately 100 to 150 millimeters, with about a third occurring in spring and 15 percent in summer. Snowfall arrives around late November and persists for nearly three months, though snow rarely exceeds 15 centimeters in depth.

Legends and Cultural Interest

Mythical Stories

Betpak-Dala is steeped in local folklore. Stories tell of a hidden burial site located somewhere in the desert. Another legend recounts a fateful expedition lost within the desert's vastness, with only two survivors returning after the rest were lost in the harsh environment.

Such tales add an air of mystery and allure to this remote region.

Visiting Betpak-Dala

Getting There

The desert is accessible only by vehicle, preferably a powerful 4x4 with locking differentials due to the challenging terrain. The journey typically begins on the Almaty-Astana highway toward Priozersk, followed by a 400-kilometer off-road stretch toward the desert.

Roads can range from smooth clay surfaces resembling asphalt to dusty plains, with sandy dunes requiring careful navigation.

Guided Tours

Given the remote and demanding environment, hiring an experienced guide is highly recommended. Guides provide essential knowledge, safety, and local insight for an enjoyable and secure trip.

Things to See and Do

Natural Attractions

Visitors can explore varied landscapes such as rocky hills, takyr formations, and seasonal wildflower blooms. Wildlife spotting includes gazelles and rare bird species, while the unique endemic rodent offers interest to animal lovers.

Adventure and Events

The desert has attracted ultramarathon runners and adventurers who have crossed its expanse in recent years. Events like the "Nur-Sultan — Turkestan" marathon cover extensive parts of Betpak-Dala, offering an extreme challenge for endurance athletes.

Practical Information

Opening Hours

Being a natural open area without formal entrances, the desert can be visited year-round. However, conditions vary with seasons, and it is best to avoid winter months when temperatures drop sharply.

Tickets and Access Fees

There are no official entrance fees for Betpak-Dala, but costs may arise from hiring guides or renting appropriate vehicles.

Accommodation

Nearby Towns

Overnight stays can be arranged in nearby settlements like Kyzyemshek or Priozersk. These towns offer modest hotels and guesthouses catering to travelers.

Average Costs

Accommodation prices typically range from 20 to 50 USD per night, depending on the level of comfort and services. Basic guesthouses provide affordable options, while more developed hotels may charge higher rates.

To Conclude

Betpak-Dala stands out as a vast, largely unexplored clay desert offering a remarkable combination of natural beauty, wildlife, and cultural mystique.

Its unique geography, challenging climate, and rich folklore make it a fascinating destination for adventurers and nature enthusiasts alike. Careful planning and preparation are essential due to the remote location and rough terrain, but those who venture here will experience one of the world's most intriguing landscapes.